Hallucination

             AUTOSCOPIC HALLUCINATION

·         Also known as Phantom Mirror Image or Mirror Hallucination

·         Commonly seen in schizophrenia, parietal lobe lesion.

·         It is a visual perception of an exact mirror image of oneself (eg : one’s face or trunk is perceived).

·         It lasts only for few minutes or seconds.

 EXTRACAMPINE HALLUCINATION

·         Person experiences the hallucination outside the limits of sensory field.

·         Commonly seen in epilepsy, schizophrenia.

·         Example : patient sees someone beyond their visual field or  the patient says that he hear sounds from one place,but he lives in some other place.

HYPNOGOGIC HALLUCINATION

·         Occurs when the person is going to sleep ( during drowsiness).

·         Example : calling names, abstract shapes, designs, faces, scenes from nature.

HYPNOPOMPIC HALLUCINATION

·         Occurs when the patient is on waking stage.

·         Hallucination persists from sleep when the eyes are open.

·         More common in Narcolepsy.

FUNCTIONAL HALLUCINATION

·         Stimulus causes hallucination but it is experienced as well as hallucination.

·         It is provoked by external stimulus.

·         Example : Patient hear voices only when he hear the sound of tape water running.

REFLEX HALLUCINATION

·         Person experienced a stimulus through one sensory field , but produces a hallucination in another.

·         Example : Patient sees a doctor writing notes in a case book. But the patient feels as that he is writing in his stomach.

·         Ex: Music causing visual hallucination (LSD Abuse).

·         It is similar to synaesthesia. Ex: Feeling cold when Scratching a blackboard with fingernail produces a feeling of discomfort in another person.